What principle underlies the calculation of target heart rate in the Karvonen Formula?

The principle underlying the calculation of target heart rate in the Karvonen Formula is the difference between maximum heart rate and resting heart rate. This difference is referred to as the heart rate reserve. The formula emphasizes achieving a specific intensity of exercise by taking this reserve into account, allowing for a more individualized approach to determining target heart rate. By calculating the heart rate reserve and then applying a percentage of that reserve, along with the resting heart rate, the Karvonen Formula helps to establish the target heart rate zone that aligns with the individual's fitness goals and capabilities. This method acknowledges the importance of both resting and maximal heart rates in assessing cardiovascular fitness and ensuring that exercise intensity is tailored appropriately.