What are the common abnormal curves in the sagittal plane?

The common abnormal curves in the sagittal plane are specifically related to the curvature of the spine, which plays a crucial role in posture and overall spinal health. Hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis are conditions characterized by excessive curves in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine, respectively.

Hyperkyphosis refers to an exaggerated forward rounding of the upper back, commonly associated with poor posture or conditions like osteoporosis. This abnormal curvature can lead to discomfort or functional limitations.

Hyperlordosis, on the other hand, is an excessive inward curve of the lumbar spine, which can be influenced by factors such as obesity, pregnancy, or improper posture. This condition may also result in pain or discomfort in the lower back.

Recognizing these curves is essential for fitness professionals, as they can significantly impact an individual's mobility, strength, and risk of injury. Training programs often need to be adapted to accommodate these conditions, focusing on improving posture and core stability to address the underlying issues associated with hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis.

In contrast, options that include ischemia and angina are related to cardiovascular conditions and not to spinal curvature, making them irrelevant to the question regarding abnormalities in the sagittal plane.